{"id":4421,"date":"2026-03-06T11:02:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T11:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/fertility\/"},"modified":"2026-06-09T03:43:24","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T03:43:24","slug":"fertility","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/fertility\/","title":{"rendered":"Fertility"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lazyblock-health-block-Z1hBAXf wp-block-lazyblock-health-block\"><div class=\"heading-detail\">\n      <p>Your health.<\/p>\n<h1>Fertility<\/h1>  <\/div>\n<div class=\"detail\">\n  <div class=\"detail-heading\">\n          <h2>THYROID DISEASE AND FERTILITY<\/h2>\n<p>Thyroid hormones interact with other, mainly reproductive, hormones.\u00b9 A normally functioning thyroid gland or adequate replacement hormones are essential for ovulation, egg implantation and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy.\u00b9<\/p>      <\/div>\n  \n<div class=\"parent\">\n\t<div class=\"share-wrapper mb\">\n\n\t\t<div 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\/><\/p>\n<h3>About thyroid problems and fertility<\/h3>\n<p>While infertility can be triggered by various factors, suboptimal function of the thyroid gland can also result in infertility, especially if thyroid disease runs in your family.\u00b9 Once the thyroid disorder is treated then you should no longer face fertility problems, providing the thyroid was the only reason for infertility.\u00b9<\/p>\n<h3>Know the facts<\/h3>\n<p>Thyroid hormones interact with other, mainly sexual, hormones.\u00b9 The right amount of thyroid hormone is necessary for normal function of the testes in men and of the ovaries in women necessary to obtain normal fertility.\u00b9 Too much (overactive thyroid) or too little (underactive thyroid) of these hormones can adversely affect male and female fertility.\u00b9 Optimal function of the thyroid gland is not only beneficial to the health of the parents \u2014 it is also crucial for the health of the baby.\u00b2 Suboptimal thyroid levels are a cause of fertility problems, increase the risk for miscarriage, premature delivery and other complications, and may impair brain development in the fetus, present in hypothyroidism too.\u00b2 Male infertility is involved in one third of couples\u2019 inability to achieve pregnancy, while one-third of cases are related to female causes and in the remainder there are issues with both the man and woman or no cause can be identified.\u00b3<\/p>\n<p>If you have been unsuccessfully trying to fall pregnant for longer than a year, ask your doctor to check your thyroid hormone status before starting other medical procedures.\u00b3 If the thyroid is the cause of your infertility, getting it under control could restore fertility and reduce your risk for health complications.\u00b9<\/p>\n<p>A simple blood test, at first, can detect the amount of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) that your thyroid is secreting.\u2074 Your doctor will be able to quickly tell you if you have hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.<\/p>\n<p>Get your thyroid gland checked if:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You have been trying unsuccessfully to get pregnant for more than 12 months\u00b3<\/li>\n<li>You have had two or more miscarriages\u00b3<\/li>\n<li>You have irregular menstrual cycles\u00b3<\/li>\n<li>You have any family history of infertility problems\u00b3<\/li>\n<li>You have a low sperm count or a history of testicular, prostate or sexual problems\u00b3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How thyroid hormones impact male fertility<\/h3>\n<p>Thyroid hormones, which were previously thought not to affect male fertility, are now being recognized as having an important role in, for example, sperm production.\u00b9 The good news: correction of these disorders may restore a man\u2019s fertility.\u00b9<\/p>\n<h3>The overactive thyroid<\/h3>\n<p>If your thyroid gland produces and releases excess thyroid hormones into the bloodstream then you have hyperthyroidism.\u2074 Men can develop hyperthyroidism for a number of reasons, including Graves\u2019 disease, overmedication with thyroid hormones for treatment of hypothyroidism, and the presence of thyroid nodules or an inflamed thyroid gland (known as thyroiditis).\u2074 By speeding up your body\u2019s metabolism, hyperthyroidism can result in many different symptoms, some of which are often mistaken for simple nervousness due to stress.\u2074<\/p>\n<p>If you are having fertility problems and also have some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism (it is unlikely you would develop all of them) then you should bring up thyroid disease with your doctor, especially if you have a family history of thyroid disease.\u2074<\/p>\n<h3>The underactive thyroid<\/h3>\n<p>If your thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones then you have thyroid deficiency, medically known as hypothyroidism.\u2075 The most common causes of hypothyroidism are iodine deficiency and, where iodine deficiency is uncommon, Hashimoto\u2019s disease, an autoimmune disease that progressively destroys your thyroid gland.\u2075 Thyroid deficiency slows down your metabolism. Poor thyroid function is often associated with reduced libido and erectile dysfunction; furthermore, it has an adverse effect on the form and structure of sperm \u2014 all of which can give rise to infertility.\u00b9<\/p>\n<p>If you are experiencing fertility problems and also have some of the symptoms of hypothyroidism then you should tell your doctor about your symptoms.<\/p>\n<h3>How thyroid hormones impact female fertility<\/h3>\n<p>Thyroid hormones interact with a woman\u2019s reproductive hormones, estrogen and progesterone, to preserve normal function of the ovaries and maturation of the egg (oocyte).\u00b9 If your thyroid gland releases too many (hyperthyroidism) or too few (hypothyroidism) thyroid hormones then the balance of reproductive hormones can be impaired,\u00b9 with resulting thyroid-related fertility problems such as ovulation disorders, irregular periods and reduced fertility.\u00b9 Since thyroid disease is a common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, the first thing to do when you have trouble getting pregnant is to have your thyroid checked, especially if thyroid disease runs in your family.\u2074<\/p>\n<h3>The overactive thyroid<\/h3>\n<p>Hyperthyroidism is 10 times more common in women than in men.\u2076 and can cause a woman to have difficulties in not only getting pregnant, but also staying pregnant.\u00b9 If your thyroid gland releases excessive amounts of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream then you are hyperthyroid.\u2074 The most common reason for hyperthyroidism in young women is Graves\u2019 disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies mistakenly attack the thyroid gland, this stimulates the gland to overproduce thyroid hormones.\u2074 If you experience unhealthy weight loss, this can also hamper your chances of falling pregnant.\u00b3<\/p>\n<p>If hyperthyroidism is at the root of your infertility, proper treatment with a resulting optimal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (TSH stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones) usually corrects the disturbance.1 If you are at the right TSH level but still have problems getting pregnant then you may need to consult with an endocrinologist who specializes in reproductive disorders. See also\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fertility.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.fertility.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>The underactive thyroid<\/h3>\n<p>If you have a family history of thyroid disease or any autoimmune disease then you will be at increased risk for hypothyroidism.\u2077 If your thyroid gland produces too few thyroid hormones, your TSH levels will increase to stimulate your thyroid gland to fill up the gap. Elevated TSH has been observed in around 5% of cases of pregnant women.\u2078<\/p>\n<p>Women who are hypothyroid may have infrequent and light menstrual bleeding, no menstrual cycles or irregular cycles due to problems with ovulation.\u00b9 The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease is higher in people with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),\u2079 a condition that causes cysts on the ovaries and may lead to infertility or pregnancy complications.\u00b9\u2070<\/p>\n<h3>Treatment for thyroid-related infertility<\/h3>\n<p>If you have hypothyroidism then your thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones.\u2077 If this is the case, you may simply have to take appropriate medication every day.\u2077 Appropriate medication may normalize menstrual irregularities in women and sperm abnormalities and erectile dysfunction in men, and can restore fertility.\u00b9<\/p>\n<p>If you have hyperthyroidism, treatment will be tailored to the specific cause and may include medication, radioactive iodine therapy or surgery.\u00b9\u00b9 In women, the application of radioactive iodine treatment before pregnancy usually eliminates the need for anti-thyroid drugs. A woman should wait 4\u20136 months after radioactive iodine treatment before trying to become pregnant.\u00b9\u00b2 Men who have had radioactive iodine treatment should wait 3\u20134 months before attempting to get their partner pregnant.\u00b9\u00b2<\/p>\n<p>Note: If you have \u201cnormal\u201d thyroid function or your thyroid and TSH levels are regulated by treatment and you still don\u2019t get pregnant, you should consult a fertility specialist for advice and additional treatment. See also\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fertility.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.fertility.com<\/a>.<\/p>  \n\n      <div class=\"reference-toggle\">\n      <div class=\"ref-header1\" id=\"refToggle\">\n        <span>References<\/span>\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"refimg\" id=\"refIcon\" src=\"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/thyroidaware\/images\/ref-close.webp\" alt=\"\">\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ref-content\" id=\"refContent\">\n        <ul>\n<li>Krassas GE, Poppe K, Glinoer D. Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr Rev 2010; 31: 702\u2013755<\/li>\n<li>American Thyroid Association. Thyroid disease and pregnancy. Available at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/patients\/brochures\/ata-thyroid-disease-pregnancy-brochure.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/patients\/brochures\/ata-thyroid-disease-pregnancy-brochure.pdf<\/a>. Last accessed February 2025.<\/li>\n<li>Mayo Clinic. Infertility. Symptoms and causes. Available at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/infertility\/symptoms-causes\/dxc-20228738\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/infertility\/symptoms-causes\/dxc-20228738<\/a>. Last accessed February 2025.<\/li>\n<li>American Thyroid Association. Hyperthyroidism. Available at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/patients\/brochures\/Hyper_brochure.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/patients\/brochures\/Hyper_brochure.pdf<\/a>. Last accessed February 2025.<\/li>\n<li>NHS Choices. Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) \u2014 causes. Available at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/Conditions\/Thyroid-under-active\/Pages\/Causes.aspx\">http:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/Conditions\/Thyroid-under-active\/Pages\/Causes.aspx<\/a>. Last accessed February 2025.<\/li>\n<li>Vanderpump MP. The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull 2011; 99: 39\u201351<\/li>\n<li>American Thyroid Association. Hypothyroidism: a booklet for patients and their families. Available at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/patients\/brochures\/Hypothyroidism_web_booklet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/patients\/brochures\/Hypothyroidism_web_booklet.pdf<\/a>. Last accessed February 2025.<\/li>\n<li>Grassi G, Balsamo A, Ansaldi C et al. Thyroid autoimmunity and infertility. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15: 389\u2013396<\/li>\n<li>Poppe K, Velkeniers B, Glinoer D. Thyroid disease and female reproduction. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007: 66: 309\u2013321.<\/li>\n<li>Hormone Health Network. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Available at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hormone.org\/diseases-and-conditions\/womens-health\/polycystic-ovary-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.hormone.org\/diseases-and-conditions\/womens-health\/polycystic-ovary-syndrome<\/a>. Last accessed February 2025.<\/li>\n<li>American Thyroid Association. Hyperthyroidism. 2014. Available at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/patients\/brochures\/ata-hyperthyroidism-brochure.pdf\">http:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/patients\/brochures\/ata-hyperthyroidism-brochure.pdf<\/a>. Last accessed February 2025.<\/li>\n<li>Bahn Chair RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS et al. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and Am<\/li>\n<\/ul>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n      <h4>NG-NONT-00014<\/h4>\n<h4>Date of Prep: May 2026<\/h4>  \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-health.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4421","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4421"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5385,"href":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4421\/revisions\/5385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thyroidaware.azinova.uk\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}